EKOLOŠKE I MORFOLОŠKE KARAKTERISTIKE DUNAVSKOG RAKA PONTASTACUS LEPTODACTYLUS (ESCHSCHOLTZ, 1823) IZ RIJEKE MATURE (BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.7251/ASB240501037RKljučne reči:
rakovi, fitnes, morfometrijske karakteristike, rijeka Matura, Bosna i HercegovinaApstrakt
Dunavski rak, jedna od autohtonih evropskih vrsta rakova, bilježi pad populacije u mnogim dijelovima svog areala. Rijeka Sava i njene pritoke su pod sve većim pritiskom širenja invazivnih vrsta rakova. Stoga je pružanje podataka o autohtonim vrstama rakova od najveće važnosti za njihovu bolju zaštitu i očuvanje. Populacija vrste Pontastacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823) iz male pritoke rijeke Save, rijeke Mature, istraživana je od maja do avgusta 2021. godine. Naše istraživanje obuhvatilo je uzorak od 54 odrasla primjerka P. leptodactylus (31 mužjak i 23 ženke). Rakovi su prikupljeni, izmjereni i pušteni nazad u prirodu bez povreda. Standardizovani set od 12 morfometrijskih parametara, kao i tjelesna masa, su izmjereni. Pronađena je pozitivna korelacija između dužine tijela i mase (♂ R²=0,9111; ♀ R²=0,9116), mase tijela i dužine kliješta (♂ R²=0,8923; ♀ R²=0,9596), kao i širine karapaksa i dužine tijela (♂ R²=0,9761; ♀ R²=0,8838). Izražen seksualni dimorfizam je potvrđen za većinu mjerenih parametara. Vrijednosti Fultonovog koeficijenta kondicije i konstante za rakove pokazuju da su mužjaci u boljem kondicionom stanju, što je u skladu sa rezultatima prethodnih istraživanja u Evropi. Pored podataka o rakovima, mjereni su i analizirani i osnovni fizičko-hemijski parametri staništ, kao i zajednica prisutnih vodenih makrobeskičmenjaka. Prisutan je umjeren nivo organskog zagađenja, sa azotom i fosforom kao glavnim prijetnjama, uglavnom zbog intenzivne poljoprivrede u tom području. Zajednica makrobeskičmenjaka se sastoji od 14 identifikovanih taksona, pri čemu su puževi najraznovrsnija i najbrojnija grupa (57%). Rakovi (Amphipoda i Isopoda) su poddominantna grupa u pogledu relativne brojnosti (30%). Zabilježena zajednica makrobeskičmenjaka ukazuje na umjereno organsko zagađenje i tipična je za slične vodotokove u regionu.
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